Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked nation nestled in the eastern Himalayas of South Asia. Bordered by China to the north and India to the south, it spans approximately 38,394 square kilometers, making it one of the world’s most mountainous countries.
Geography and Climate
The country’s terrain is predominantly mountainous, with elevations ranging from the subtropical plains in the south to the towering peaks exceeding 7,000 meters in the north. Bhutan’s highest point is Gangkhar Puensum at 7,570 meters, which holds the distinction of being the highest unclimbed mountain globally.
The climate varies with elevation, from subtropical in the south to temperate in the highlands and polar-type conditions with year-round snow in the north.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Bhutan is renowned for its rich biodiversity, hosting over 5,400 plant species and a vast array of fauna. Approximately 71% of the nation’s land area is forested, and it has committed to maintaining at least 60% forest cover indefinitely. Notably, Bhutan is the only country globally to have a carbon-negative status, absorbing more carbon dioxide than it emits.
Culture and Society
The Bhutanese culture is deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, evident in its monasteries, festivals, and daily life. The nation measures success not just by economic indicators but also by Gross National Happiness, emphasizing spiritual, cultural, and environmental well-being.
Travel and Tourism
Tourism in Bhutan is regulated to preserve its culture and environment. Visitors are required to pay a daily tariff, which includes accommodation, meals, and a sustainable development fee. The government also enforces a policy of high-value, low-impact tourism to maintain its cultural and environmental integrity.
Recent Developments
Bhutan continues to innovate sustainably, with plans for a carbon-negative city featuring eco-friendly infrastructure and low-emission transport systems.
Additionally, the nation has been exploring digital currencies, with reports indicating that Bitcoin reserves are becoming a common form of currency, positioning Bhutan fifth globally in national Bitcoin holdings.