Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children but can occur at any age. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms typically begin 10 to 14 days after exposure and include high fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, and a characteristic red, blotchy rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
Complications from measles can be severe, including pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation), and even death. The best protection against measles is vaccination with the MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine, which is safe and effective. Two doses of the MMR vaccine provide up to 98% protection against measles.
Recent Outbreaks in the United States
As of March 2025, the U.S. has experienced a significant increase in measles cases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 483 confirmed cases across 20 jurisdictions, a substantial rise from the 285 cases reported in all of 2024. Texas has been particularly affected, accounting for 400 of these cases, with Gaines County as the epicenter.
This surge is largely attributed to declining vaccination rates, influenced by vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and limited access to healthcare. Health experts warn that the outbreak could persist throughout 2025 if vaccination rates do not improve.
Global Perspective
Measles remains a global concern. In South Australia, a one-year-old boy recently tested positive for measles, marking the third case in the state this year. SA Health emphasizes that measles is a serious infection that can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.
Prevention and Recommendations
Health authorities strongly recommend ensuring that you and your children are up-to-date with the MMR vaccination. This is especially crucial given the recent outbreaks and the high contagion rate of measles. If you suspect you or someone you know has measles, contact a healthcare provider promptly. Early diagnosis and supportive care are essential to manage the disease and prevent further spread.